If you think the sound of a nuclear battery in your pocket is a little worrying, don’t fret too much. Nuclear batteries have been around for years, powering pacemakers, satellites, and underwater systems. However, they are typically very large, heavy, and expensive. Until now. This new battery, being developed by Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU, is the size of a penny.
How Nuclear Batteries Work
Although nuclear batteries generate electricity from atomic energy like nuclear reactors, they don’t use a chain reaction. Instead, they use emissions from a radioactive isotope, so there is little risk of the battery in a pacemaker suffering a meltdown. These tiny batteries are intended to power various micro/nano electro-mechanical systems (M/NEMS).
The principle behind nuclear batteries is relatively straightforward. They harness the energy released from the decay of radioactive isotopes. This energy is then converted into electrical power through various methods, such as thermoelectric converters or betavoltaic devices. The latter involves the use of semiconductors to convert beta particles emitted by the radioactive material into electric current.
Applications and Future Potential
The potential applications for these miniature nuclear batteries are vast. In the medical field, they could revolutionize the design and functionality of implantable medical devices. Current pacemakers, for example, require battery replacements every 5 to 10 years, necessitating additional surgeries. A nuclear battery could extend this lifespan significantly, reducing the need for repeated surgical interventions.
In space exploration, the advantages are equally compelling. Satellites and space probes often rely on solar panels, which can be ineffective in deep space or shadowed regions. A compact nuclear battery could provide a reliable and long-lasting power source, enabling longer missions and more ambitious projects.
Moreover, underwater systems, such as remote-operated vehicles (ROVs) and sensors used for oceanographic research, could benefit from these batteries. Traditional batteries often struggle with the harsh conditions and limited accessibility of deep-sea environments. A nuclear battery could offer a more durable and maintenance-free solution.
The development of these batteries also opens up possibilities for powering remote sensors and devices in extreme environments, such as the Arctic or deserts, where changing batteries can be logistically challenging and costly.
Via Gizmag
Safety and Environmental Considerations
One of the primary concerns with nuclear batteries is safety. However, the design of these batteries ensures that the radioactive material is well-contained, minimizing the risk of radiation exposure. The materials used are typically low-energy beta emitters, which are less penetrating and easier to shield than other types of radiation.
Environmental impact is another consideration. While the disposal of radioactive materials poses challenges, the long lifespan of nuclear batteries means fewer replacements and less waste over time. Additionally, advancements in recycling and disposal methods for radioactive materials are continually improving, making the technology more sustainable.
The development of penny-sized nuclear batteries by researchers like Jae Kwon represents a significant leap forward in energy storage technology. By harnessing the power of radioactive decay in a safe and efficient manner, these batteries have the potential to revolutionize a wide range of fields, from medical devices to space exploration and beyond. As research continues and the technology matures, we can expect to see even more innovative applications and improvements in the years to come.
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